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The Journal of the Society of Humanist Philosophers*, the paper was originally published in *Philo. As expressed within his book *The Creator and the Cosmos*, noted astronomer and Christian apologist, the 1998 paper is entitled *"The 'Big Bang' Argument for the Existence of God"* and is a rebuttal to the views held by Hugh Ross. Pennsylvania, allentown, muhlenberg College, professor of Philosophy, . Jr, this essay is a rejoinder to a paper written by Theodore Schick.

Schick's views on this point. I don't contest Dr. I acknowledge that Aquinas's reasoning left something to be desired in this case, as blasphemous as it might sound coming from a Catholic such as me. Thomas Aquinas's "uncaused first cause" argument to prove the existence of God. Schick's corollary contention that such an assertion is nothing but a scientifically updated variation of St. And Dr, ross's contention that the acceptance of the theory of the "big bang" as the beginning of the universe implies that it must have had a cause beyond the event itself. Schick's paper is to discredit Dr. The impetus of Dr.

Schick echoes my youthful inquisitiveness: Dr, ) In his paper. " (The priest's response was less than memorable. Always is and always will be' then why can't we just say the same about the universe, "If it is sufficient to assert that 'God always was, i once had the effrontery to ask a priest in religion class, as a Catholic high school student?

" . . . David Hume wondered the same thing. Why not just admit that the universe is uncaused and cut out the middleman, "But if we're willing to admit the existence of uncaused things?

Ross positions. It must have been within the higher dimensional time of the creator that Dr, rather, then its cause cannot have been within our time (because an effect must follow its cause); since the big bang is the beginning of our time. As did the beginning of everything else, that implies it must have had a cause, ross argues. Dr, since the big bang is held to be the beginning of time. A time in which the spacetime that we know and live within was created: the creator's time, ross positions a higher dimensional time. Ross's views is that Dr. Schick's rebuttal to Dr. The meat of Dr.

Schick rebuts this argument as follows: Dr.

" Let alone the existence of a transcendental god, he does not succeed in proving the existence of a higher dimensional time, because Ross begs the question about whether the universe has a cause. He is assuming that the universe has a cause to prove that the universe has a cause. So Ross is arguing in a circle. But the big bang argument uses the premise that the universe has a beginning in time to arrive at the conclusion that the universe has a cause. "This argument arrives at the conclusion that the universe has a beginning in time by assuming that the universe has a cause.

A creator of at least some sort, more precisely, the existence of God or, albeit unwittingly, it is an understatement to judge it ironic that I perceive that such a renowned atheist proved. Albert Einstein himself, self-professed atheist in scientific history, i appeal to none other than perhaps the most venerated, for the benefit of my argument! The universe) had a cause, therefore, ross's argument lacks to assume that the big bang (and. My intention within this essay to attempt to provide the justification that Dr, therefore, it is. Schick is correct. Dr.

" with all events within the universe (including particles seemingly being created without a cause via vacuum fluctuations) occurring at the confluence of four-dimensional points, but rather as an unified structure called "spacetime, with the result being that the universe can no longer be viewed as being composed of space and time, time is reduced to a mere fourth dimension, " In this scheme of reality. Now usually referred to as the "block universe, who first pointed out to him that his special theory of relativity implied a four-dimensional universe, einstein's erstwhile math teacher. Dr, it was Hermann Minkowski.

) The World Trade Center at the precise floor and instant that the first plane hit, 2001, (For example: September 11.

" Present and future of spacetime all exist contemporaneously and there is no privileged moment within spacetime solely entitled to call itself "the present" or "now, the past, here lies the point most relevant to the thrust of this essay: Within the block universe scheme of reality. But eventually came to embrace it, einstein himself was at first most reluctant to accept such a view of reality. Dr.

) Einstein himself certainly seemed to accept its validity as there is a letter written by him to the widow of a recently late associate in which he attempts to comfort her by pointing out that her late husband and she were presently enjoying many happy moments together in other parts of the universe. Dr, however. (Some attempt to argue that such a view is a misinterpretation of the theory.

Then how could the cause in this example have preceded its effect when the baby and his or her parents exist contemporaneously and eternally, and if by definition a cause must precede its effect, present and future all exist contemporaneously, but here is the rub: If the past? For every baby (effect) there was a transaction (cause) between a sperm and an egg. I think it can be safely asserted that we all accept the existence of the phenomenon of cause and effect.

By a creator of some sort, the undeniable order that permeates our reality and renders our very existences possible must likewise have been imposed from without, by the artist), . But rather from order imposed from without (i.e, just as a painting's obvious orderly composition did not result from any event within the canvass. It didn't in our spacetime, that is. The only tenable answer that I can discern is: it didn't.

Then nothing within our spacetime could have been created within it any more than a now static Rembrandt masterpiece could have created and ordered itself, along the lines of a motion picture rendering the illusion of motion from a series of still frames), if the universe is static (with motion (and change) being a mere illusion--exactly as Parmenides and Zeno argued--. The concept of cause and effect implies a sequential creation.

Which cannot be the case if both the cause and the effect have always existed simultaneously, a cause must precede its effect within existence, quite simply. Exactly as a painting does upon completion, and then became static, ross argues. Exactly as Dr, the reality that we live within and perceive must have been sequentially created (thus accounting for the obvious causes and effects we observe) in a higher dimensional time, rather.

As to them their universe appears simply to have always been and thus cannot have been created within its own dimension of time, then by what means would they have to discover the true nature and origin of their existences other than by deducing that whatever logic and order they perceive must have been imposed from without, unless the author was able and chose to communicate with his or her creations? Seems just as real to them as our universe (or "multiverse" if the MWI of quantum mechanics should be correct in fact) does to us (in our higher dimensional time), contained within the pages of the book, and that their universe, assume that the characters within a novel could somehow gain sentience and intelligence, as a thought experiment.

The laws of physics) must have come from without, . The only logical conclusion is that the dynamic force that forged our now static universe via causes and effects (i.e, therefore. To argue otherwise would be a contradiction in terms. Dynamic forces cannot exist within a stagnant universe. Schick and others are for the reasons I have presented. Just as I believe Dr, they would be very wrong; " In this hypothetical scenario. That their--unbeknownst to them--literary universe simply "just is, that is. Schick and many others do. The alternative would be for them to reason as Dr.

Her or its plane of existence the answer to these questions can be scientifically fathomed as they cannot be here within the logic of our reality, " and in his, someone or something "just is, the only answer I can suggest is that somewhere along the line, as incomprehensible as the mystery is. How can anything exist at all? That is what I term the "ultimate mystery" of existence. How can one avoid an infinite regress of creators? How then can one account for the creator's origin?

A view which this essay attempts to refute as scientifically illogical, he argues against the existence of any creator at all, on the contrary. Schick is certainly not arguing in favor of one version of a creator over another. Dr. The nature of whom or which is beyond the scope of this essay, then it is evident that our spacetime had a creator (existent or once so), einstein's theory is correct--as on empirical grounds it certainly appears to be--. I only claim that if Dr, rather. It is not my contention that I can solve the ultimate mystery to which I referred.

My basic point is one derived from the prevailing paradigm that contemporary physicists labor within: relativity and the block universe it implies. I contend that my conclusion cannot be simply dismissed as such because my basic argument goes beyond the normal intuitive attitudes that intelligent design adherents commonly put forth in support of their views, although my arguments might transpose to a typical "intelligent design" thesis, in summation.

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Website traffic and log files

It is well worth it to switch to one that does, if your web host doesn't offer these log files. These files can be used to analyze your website traffic. Your web host's) computer. Time and date of access and error messages are recorded into log files that are saved on your server's (i.e, every time someone visits your website information like their IP address.

Below is a checklist of what to look for when analyzing your website traffic. Using the information gleaned from them you can track your website traffic and tailor your pages for maximum effect. The statistics generated by these log files are important tools for monitoring what your visitors do when they enter your website.

Website Statistics and what they mean

Page views

The more page views you receive the better the content, generally. This gives a measure for your content. 10 page views will be generated, if your visitor goes to ten pages on your site. It is the number of HTML pages served, a good measure of website activity.

Visits (unique visitors)

It shows the amount of exposure your website is receiving from the web. Here is a measure of your web presence. Another visit will be generated, if they leave and come back. No matter how long they stay there or how many pages they view, a trip to your site by one person.

Most popular pages

Be sure to note the content that is generating this interest and build upon it. Helps you learn what works or what subject matter is generating the most interest! Tells you which pages your visitors request most.

Average number of pages per visit

Just keep working at it until that number goes up! But don't give up! Below 4-5 pages). You need to do some revisions if your page views are low (i.e. A visitor should want to stay on your site for awhile and this equates to page views. You know your site sucks, if this is low!

Referring pages

What and where of your source of visitors, the who. Here is where you can gain a great amount of insite into your audience. And what search engines you're listed with properly, who has links to your site, this is an important one because it tells you where your visitors link FROM.

Browsers used

Tells you what browsers people are using and helps you know how to design your web pages so that people can use them!

Implementing your website statistics

Understanding your visitors is the first step in becoming a good webmaster. Look for improved stats and make your plans accordingly. And then analyze your website traffic again, wait one week, once you understand what your visitors are doing you can make your changes!

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No matter how much evidence you provide to support your claim, these abuse departments eventually decide whether it is necessary to suspend the services of the guilty party or not. Anti-cyber-crime organisations have the same problem, but it is not only members of the public who experience these frustrations. What's the use of an abuse department if it doesn't do anything about the problems and abuse reported to it? Many people don't know that such departments exist and other are fed up with the ignorant approach of these departments towards reports from the public. Why are people reluctant to report spam to the abuse departments of well-known e-mail and hosting service providers?

Abusing their services, or I should rather say, i believe most world-class companies will stare bankruptcy in the face if they terminate the accounts of all the spammers and unethical companies making use. Effectively making them accomplices to these criminal activities, what these companies don't understand is that they are making themselves less popular by being so reluctant to take action against these abusers and they will eventually only attract the criminals. It means revenue loss for them, why would they want to cancel the account of a loyal client? The problem becomes even worse when the abusing party pays for the services. Or you can even say their terms of service are only applicable to those who abuse the services without generating any revenue for the company, this means that they are not enforcing their own terms of service. Why would they want to terminate a web site that brings them a lot of revenue? Web sites involved in spamming activities bring in a lot of visitors which means the ads of the hosting company also gets exposure. Free web site hosting normally involves adds of the hosting company displayed on the web site. Even the free services generate revenue for these companies, it revolves all around money.

Battling to keep their heads above the flood of spam and scams reported to them on a daily basis, cyber criminals are laughing out loud at the divided force against cyber crime. Spammers love it when e-mail and hosting service providers do not respond to the reports from anti-cyber-crime organisations and complaints from the public. The scammers love the fact that law enforcement agencies are not working together with anti-cyber-crime organisations to battle cyber crime. A united force is much stronger than a divided force. But is this enough reason to refuse a helping hand from a partner? Without visitors they cannot make money from the ads displayed on their site. This is understandable to some extent because many anti-cyber-crime organisations provide their services free of charge and generate revenue mainly through advertisements. A web site owner will not want to refer visitors to a partner's web site without getting something in return. Money is also the stumbling block for collaboration between cyber crime fighters.

It is time we turn the tides and stand united against cyber crime, the cyber criminals are constantly one step ahead of cyber law enforcement.

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There are few factors that are crucial for any website and these become the deciding factors while making that selection as well. How do you choose the right web hosting provider from the number of companies offering such services, but. A hosting company has a big role to play in making your website a success. This is where a web hosting company comes into the picture. The next step after you have created your web site is to host your website on the internet.

You definitely need hosting companies where your website can be put up for customers, and once you have more websites. That is why major companies and retailers are creating web sites to attract more customers. Everybody wants everything at the click of a button. People have become so involved in their work and social life that hardly anytime is left to go for shopping or an event. A web hosting company has gained a lot of significance over a period of time because of the changing society and trends.

You have chalked out your requirements you can start your hunt, once. This will help you narrow down your search and give you a better picture of which web hosting company fits your bill. What sort of traffic you can expect? The first thing that you need to do is make a list of your requirements - do you need a web hosting solution that needs a lot of bandwidth? Do a thorough research on the internet about web hosting companies and the solutions they provide, before starting any search regarding your site.

But you can always analyze the uptime of the company by the clients of the company and the satisfaction level, most providers assure 99.9% uptime guarantee. The uptime that the company provides to your website decides how visible your web site will be on the internet. Reliability: This is a vital part of any web hosting provider. 1.

Some companies take care of these issues before the client comes to know. The web hosting provider should offer a dedicated team that is available 24/7 for your web site and who will make sure your website is never down due to technical issues, service - Be it technical or customer care. 2.

Html and images are some of the extra features that are offered as a part of the package, database. Bandwidth and Diskspace - You need to make sure that apt amount of diskspace and bandwidth is provided according to the size of your web site. 3.

Make the right choice and watch your website and company grow, so. Your budget needs to be taken care of along with these features; and last but not the least.

How To Get Money In Internet

Article writing and submission service is an ideal option because the SEO firm will ask the team to write effective articles for your site that will be then distributed to the main source in order to let your website notice tremendous popularity through out the World Wide Web, amongst all the offered services. They will offer you the ultimate tool, depending on your requirement. There are many techniques offered by the experts in the field. All this is possible through SEO services. More hits and more sales, high PR ranking, do you want to enjoy high traffic? Are you looking for ways to benefit from One Way Links, as a website owner?

Your relevant key phrases will help the site to become visible on the popular search engines, the experts will produce an article that will revolve around your site's keyword so that whenever the Internet users are looking for a related product or service. Minus grammatical mistakes and typos, each article is written in an excellent style with full information. They will create unique content that will not only be superior in quality but also high with SEO techniques. The professionals know the impact of SEO friendly article writing service.

The SEO firms submit the written articles to varied directors that are referred as well-established and renowned by the search engines. Then it is through article submission services, if you are wondering how the keywords are enough to make a site visible on the search engines.

The team of professionals will make sure that the articles are being submitted in the right category, even though the manual article submission service is a long and daunting process. The article submission method is usually manually done. Their knowledge will ensure you to get the articles submitted in the directories that are highly visited by many regular Internet users. You will be assured that they have experience in the industry and they are well aware of all the tips and tricks that can assist them to offer you the best articles that too in a very reasonable time frame. Find the SEO Company that has been in that business for quite some time, hence.

What's amazing about the article submission technique is that it offers one way links from relevant sites as well as an increased traffic. This will guarantee you that your site will enjoy high ranking. They will submit the written content on the high rank article sites. The most reliable SEO is the one that carries out the article submission service with different anchor text and description, moreover.

Provided they are ready to optimize your article for the search engines, the article submission services can be the best Internet marketing tool.

Let the experts do their work and make the SEO friendly article writing and submission service your key source to online success. Do not miss this opportunity to become popular on the search engines. Hire the best SEO firm and experience the maximum benefits of using an article directory submission service. What are you waiting for, so?

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A custom web site design also gives your business that professional appearance customers trust. You are giving your business the edge it needs to compete with other businesses, unique and compelling, to develop web site materials that are creative. But also makes people remember your company, it not only brings more customers to your business. Regardless of its size, a custom web site design is a great asset to any business.

This is an ideal way to promote your company's products, with reasonable prices and a website design by you. They also have a custom administration area so you can maintain your custom web site design by yourself. This online company offers you the opportunity to develop web site materials by yourself -- so you can be sure that your website will be unique and specific to your business. You can create a website design by picking a pre-made template that is relevant to the services or products that your business offers, at http://www.intrinzicdesignz.com. You can find several companies online that will create a custom web site design made specifically for your company.

Their custom web site designs are attention-grabbing and give potential customers a reason to return for more. They offer a variety of graphics and information that you can put on your website and offer buying and selling options for customers who visit your page. This custom web site design company has a long name but it provides a great service to businesses needing custom web site designs. Another online company that will develop web site materials for you is http://www.customwebsitedesign.com.

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Starting Your Own Small Business - Business Writing Skills - Why Yours Matter

But perhaps more than most for managers, good writing skills are important for people at all levels in business. And an important part of any communication skillset, writing is a communication skill. I'm often surprised when I hear people talk about "communication skills" and "writing skills" as if they were two separate attributes.

It reflects badly on you and doesn't do much for your career prospects, if yours are among those messages. Nor will they be well disposed towards the writer, so they won't receive the information, they will simply not make the effort, in most cases. Many of these executives are frustrated by how much of their time is wasted because the materials are so badly written they have to interpret them before they can absorb the information. E-mails and reports written by managers, memos, ) every day reading letters. The average executive spends several hours (very expensive hours!

And if they are spending inordinate amounts of it casting about for words for their written messages they are certainly adding to the problem, most managers complain about lack of time. Because it's difficult for them to find just the right words to express their messages effectively, i've met many managers who spend an inordinate amount of time writing.

Financial cost of poor communication in the workplace, and largely unrecognized, this writing problem contributes directly to the huge, since time is money.

Don't let that happen to you. Because the people who have them can't express the ideas in writing at this early stage, many ideas die unheard, believe it or not. The message would also include an offer to make a detailed presentation on the subject; the best way to have your idea considered is to first send a written message to introduce the idea. Or something new altogether that would be good for the company, maybe it's a better way of handling a particular task or process. Let's say you have a great idea you'd like to put before senior management. Here's another reason to write well.

In the interests of both current job performance and future job prospects, i strongly believe managers must develop and sharpen their writing skills, all in all. That can hold back your career or damage your reputation, if you can't write effectively, on the other hand. They can help position you for success in your career, if your writing skills are excellent.